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Title : Hidden structure found inside the Great Pyramid of Giza
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Hidden structure found inside the Great Pyramid of Giza

Scientists mapping the Great Pyramid using cosmic-ray based imaging have found a new secret structure
The internal structure is located above the Grand Gallery - that links two of the Pyramid's chambers
It traces a similar route for at least 30 metres (100ft) and has a volume of 600 cubic metres (20,000 cubic ft)
The precise design and purpose of the space is unknown and it has yet to be reached in person by experts

By Press Association and Harry Pettit For Mailonline

Published: 08:00 EDT, 2 November 2017 | Updated: 08:36 EDT, 2 November 2017

The Great Pyramid of Giza has been shrouded in mystery for millennia, but now a long-held secret of its structure might be known thanks to particle physics.

A narrow void lying deep within the ancient Wonder of the World has been found by scientists using cosmic-ray based imaging.

The internal structure is located above the Grand Gallery - which links two of the Pyramid's chambers - and traces a similar route for at least 30 metres (100ft), according to a study published in the journal Nature.

While the precise design and purpose of the void is unknown, it has been hailed by the team of academics as the biggest discovery inside the Giza landmark since the 19th century.

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The Great Pyramid of Giza has been shrouded in mystery for millennia, but now a long-held secret of its structure might be known thanks to particle physics. An apparent narrow void lying undiscovered deep within the ancient Wonder of the World has been found by scientists using cosmic-ray based imaging. Shown here is how the breakthrough was made

WHAT COULD IT BE USED FOR?

Because no one has physically seen inside the void, what it was built for remains a mystery.

The researchers say the space has remained hidden since it was first constructed 4,500 years ago.

It could be one big space, but may also be made up of several chambers or tunnels.

The void could be on an incline, which means it could have been used to transport huge blocks into the centre of the pyramid and was then left.

Researchers suggest it could also be a 'construction gap' - part of a trench that allowed workers to access the Grand Gallery and King's Chamber while the rest of the pyramid was built.

More simply, the void may have simply been left there to relieve weight from the Grand Gallery below.

Made under the watch of the Pharaoh Khufu and completed in around 2550 BC, Egypt's Great Pyramid served as the world's tallest man-made construction for thousands of years.

The structure, also known as Khufu's Pyramid, is the sole survivor of the ancient Seven Wonders of the World.

How it was built has long been a bone of academic contention and there is no universal agreement about its creation.

To find out more about the pyramid, researchers from countries including France and Japan began a project to scan the structure in October 2015.

They employed by-products of the cosmic ray known as muons that are only partially absorbed by stone and take noticeably different trajectories through air.

Detectors were set up inside the pyramid, including in the so-called Queen's Chamber.

This allowed the pyramid's insides to be visualised without physically disturbing it, as the results showed empty space differently from rock.

The presence of the space, dubbed the ScanPyramids Big Void, was confirmed using three different muon detection technologies over several months after first being spotted, the paper said. The results were then analysed three times.

The ScanPyramids mission is made up of researchers from Egypt's Ministry of Antiquities, the University of Cario, and the non-profit organisation the Heritage Innovation Preservation (HIP) Institute.

'ScanPyramids Big Void is not a room or a chamber - we don't know if it is horizontal or inclined if it is composed by one or several successive structures, but it's big,' report author Mehdi Tayoubi, president and co-founder of the HIP Institute, told MailOnline.

'The Grand Gallery is an internal spectacular internal structure (47m long, 8m high) a kind of internal cathedral at the centre of the pyramid.

Described as a 'deep void', it is at least about 100 feet long and up to 230 feet above ground, running over the Grand Gallery. It's function is unknown, and scientists are now hoping a flying robot could be sent in to uncover its secrets

The internal structure (white dots in image) is located above the Grand Gallery - that links two of the pyramid's chambers - and traces a similar route for at least 30 metres (100ft), according to a study published in the journal Nature. It could either lie on a horizontal or inclined (pictured) plane, the scientists said

MUON DETECTORS

Muon detectors have previously been used to map out the inside of the Fukushima's nuclear reactor in Japan and it is hoped they can be used to explore other archaeological sites.

The detectors work by using cosmic particles known as muons that have the power to penetrate deeply into most materials.

The subatomic particles require only a few special instruments because they rain down naturally from the atmosphere above.

The detectors work by using cosmic particles known as muons that have the power to penetrate deeply into most materials. Researchers can use these tiny particles to measure the density of structures, just like X-rays pass through our bodies to visualise our skeleton. Pictured is the results of one of the team's muography scans on the pyramid, which helped to reveal the new structure (SP-BV)

Muons are created when the upper atmosphere reacts with cosmic rays, producing a shower of particles, some of which decay into muons.

The elementary particles, which weigh around 200 times more than electrons, can very easily pass through any structure, even large and thick rocks like mountains.

Researchers can use these tiny particles to measure the density of structures, just like X-rays pass through our bodies to visualise our skeleton.

'This Big Void, with same size characteristics as the Grand Gallery, could be successive chambers, a tunnel. Many hypotheses are possible.'

Despite the breakthrough, the newly discovered structure has yet to be reached in person by any researcher.

Report author Mr Tayoubi said: 'This structure is not accessible, we don't see (that) people tried, if you look at the Grand Gallery, to access the void which is above.

'So this void was hidden, I think, since the construction of the pyramid, it was not accessible.

To find out more about the pyramid, researchers from countries including France and Japan began a project to scan the structure in October 2015. Researchers placed detectors in two rooms within the pyramid to collect subatomic particles as they fell from the sky, revealing the structure of the building like an X-ray reveals bone

WHAT THEY FOUND

An apparent void lying undiscovered deep inside the Great Pyramid of Giza has been discovered by scientists.

The internal structure is located above the Grand Gallery - that links two of the pyramid's chambers.

It traces a similar route for at least 30 metres (100ft).

While the precise design and purpose of the space is unknown, it was hailed by the team of academics as the biggest discovery inside the Giza landmark since the 19th century.

'This was a study about physics, it was not about Egyptology - we are not claiming anything about interpretation for this void - we are just claiming that there is a void and that's all,' study author Mehdi Tayoubi said.

Despite the breakthrough, the newly discovered structure has yet to be reached in person by any researcher.

The team employed by-products of the cosmic ray known as muons that are only partially absorbed by stone and take noticeably different trajectories through air

'We needed this technique - the right technique at the right time - to be able to identify it and discover it.'

He added they were 'very confident' the results were correct.

Because no one has physically seen inside the void, what it was built for remains a mystery.

Researchers claim the space could be on an incline, which means it could have been used to transport huge blocks into the centre of the pyramid and was then left, experts said.

'This finding is very exciting, but I don't think it's likely to be some kind of secret chamber,' Dr Kate Spence, an archaeologist at the University of Cambridge who was not involved in the study, told the Telegraph.

HOW ARE SCIENTISTS PEERING INSIDE THE PYRAMIDS

Over the course of their lengthy study, the team have used several techniques to scan Egyptian pyramids.

Infrared thermography - Infrared detects infrared energy emitted from object, converts it to temperature, and displays an image of its temperature distribution to reveal objects that may be hidden.

3D scans with lasers - Lasers bounce narrow pulses of light off the interiors of a structure to map it in detail. Once the scanning is complete, the data can be combined into a highly detailed 3-D model.

Cosmic-ray detectors - This detects muons that are created when cosmic rays hit the atmosphere. Muons pass harmlessly through people and buildings.

Muons traveling through rock or other dense material will slow and eventually stop. The idea is to catch the muons after theyve passed through an pyramid and measure their energies and trajectories. Researchers can then compile a 3D image that reveals hidden chambers.

Detectors were set up inside the pyramid, including in the so-called Queen's Chamber. This allowed the pyramid's insides to be visualised without physically disturbing it, as the results showed empty space differently from rock

Muons (artist's impression) are created when the upper atmosphere reacts with cosmic rays, producing a shower of particles, some of which decay into muons. The elementary particles, which weigh around 200 times more than electrons, can very easily pass through any structure, even large and thick rocks like mountains

'I think it is an inclined ramp that was used to transport huge blocks into the centre of the pyramid and then left. The orientation leads up to the huge granite roof struts at the top of the relieving chamber.

Researchers from the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities’ scientific committee suggest it could be a 'construction gap' - part of a trench that allowed workers to access the Grand Gallery and King's Chamber while the rest of the pyramid was built.

More simply, the void may have simply been left there to relieve weight from the Grand Gallery below.

The finding opens up the possibility that the void could be linked to other different and undiscovered structures within the pyramid, the study claimed.

Crucially, the authors said, it could provide a method by which scientists can finally start to piece together how the pyramid was built.

Muon detectors (artist's impression) placed in known rooms within the Great Pyramid picked up the subatomic particles as they passed through layers of stone, meaning the scientists could map the pyramid without breaking through its walls

The presence of the void, dubbed the ScanPyramids Big Void, was confirmed using three different muon detection technologies over several months after first being spotted, the paper said. Pictured is the pyramid's descending main entrance hallway. The new structure is above this entrance-way

THE SCANPYRAMIDS PROJECT

After muon detectors detect voids within a pyramid, the team often use thermal imaging scans (pictured) to confirm their finds

The team's finding has been a long time coming after months spent trying to find the elusive 'void'.

The researchers began using muon technology, thermal scanning and 3D laser mapping to lay out the pyramid's internal structure in 2015.

Scanners placed in the Great Pyramid's grand descending corridor, as well as a tunnel near the north facing entrance dug out by medieval explorers, found a small structure above the structure's entrance in 2016.

Thermal imaging of the pyramid confirmed a human-height, corridor-shaped void that ran parallel but above to the descending corridor.

Researchers realised this corridor, labelled the ScanPyramid Northfacing Corridor, must lead somewhere, and spent the following months using mapping technology to find where it led.

This has now led the team to the new structure, which sits above the pyramid's Grand Gallery.

They added that the development 'show how modern particle physics can shed new light on the world's archaeological heritage'.

Muon detectors have previously been used to map out the inside of the Fukushima's nuclear reactor in Japan and it is hoped they can be used to explore other archaeological sites.

The detectors work by using cosmic particles known as muons that have the power to penetrate deeply into most materials.

Despite the breakthrough, the newly discovered structure has yet to be reached in person by any researcher. Experts used several types of muon detector, which reads subatomic particles as they rain down from the sky, for their study

The finding opens up the possibility that the void could be linked to other different and undiscovered structures within the pyramid, the study claimed. Pictured is a virtual reality layout of what we know of the pyramid's internal structures so far, including the newly found structure, pictured as white dots next to the King's chamber

THE PYRAMID OF GIZA

The Great Pyramid, also known as Khufu's Pyramid, is the sole survivor of the ancient Seven Wonders of the World

For more than 4,500 years, Egypt's pyramids have kept their secrets hidden deep within the labyrinth of passages and chambers that lie inside their towering stone structures.

But the long-running row over whether the Great Pyramid of Giza is hiding a network of previously undiscovered tunnels behind its stone walls has now been answered.

The researchers confirmed the find using cosmic particles known as muons to scan the Great Pyramid of Giza.

They used the scans to create maps to reveal the internal structure of the 479 feet (146m) high pyramid.

Last year thermal scanning identified a major anomaly in the Great Pyramid, the largest and oldest of the pyramids at Giza and one of the seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Those scans identified three adjacent stones at its base which registered higher temperatures than others.

This led to theories that they may be hiding a secret chamber that had yet to be discovered.

A team of experts then set up the ScanPyramid's project to use muons, tiny subatomic particle that are typically produced by cosmic rays smash into atoms on Earth, to peer through the pyramid's huge stone blocks, some of which weight up to 15 tons.

Dr Hawass has in the past been sceptical of the usefulness of conducting such scans.

He recently clashed publicly with British Egyptologists over their theory that a secret burial chamber may be hidden behind the walls of Tutankhamun's tomb in his pyramid in the Valley of the Kings.

Egypt's Great Pyramid of Giza has been shrouded in mystery for millennia, but now a long-held secret of its structure might be known thanks to particle physics

The subatomic particles require only a few special instruments because they rain down naturally from the atmosphere above.

Some archaeologists have pinned hopes on using the sophisticated technology to locate the burial place of the legendary queen Nefertiti (pictured)

Muons are created when the upper atmosphere reacts with cosmic rays, producing a shower of particles, some of which decay into muons.

The elementary particles, which weigh around 200 times more than electrons, can very easily pass through any structure, even large and thick rocks like mountains.

Researchers can use these tiny particles to measure the density of structures, just like X-rays pass through our bodies to visualise our skeleton.

The team's finding has been a long time coming after months spent trying to find the elusive 'void'.

The researchers began using muon technology, thermal scanning and 3D laser mapping to lay out the pyramid's internal structure in 2015.

Thermal imaging of the pyramid confirmed a human-height, corridor-shaped void that ran parallel but above to the descending corridor.

Researchers realised this corridor, labelled the ScanPyramid Northfacing Corridor, must lead somewhere, and spent the following months using mapping technology to find where it led.

GREAT PYRAMID'S CURSED TOMB REOPENED

Yesterday it was reported that archaeologists in Egypt have reopened a 'cursed tomb' containing the remains of the people who built the Great Pyramid of Giza to visitors.

It is the first time it has been opened to the public since its discovery almost 30 years ago.

The area dates back 4,500 years and is located in the 'tribal mountain' area, near the Pyramid of Giza.

The Press Office of the Ministry of Antiquities shared the revelation on Instagram with a picture of the area, saying 'Opening the workers cemetery site at Giza Plateau to visit'.

Yesterday it was reported that archaeologists in Egypt have reopened a 'cursed tomb' (pictured) containing the remains of the people who built the Great Pyramid of Giza to visitors

The newly opened area contains a cemetery of workers along with the graves of the supervisor of the royal palace, the supervisor of the construction workers and a man of significance who was buried with the workers, accordingto Newsweek.

The site has been closed off since 1990.

Archaeologists from the Ministry of Antiquities believe the man who supervised the workers filled the cemetery with curses to protect the dead from thieves.

This has now led the team to find the new structure, which sits above the pyramid's Grand Gallery.

Some archaeologists have pinned hopes on using the sophisticated technology to locate the burial place of the legendary queen Nefertiti.

The wife of King Akhenaten, who initiated a monotheistic cult in ancient Egypt, queen Nefertiti remains an enigma, best known for a bust depicting her that is now on exhibition in Berlin's Neues Museum.

A British Egyptologist, Nicholas Reeves, believed her remains were hidden in a secret chamber in the tomb of Tutankhamun, in the southern Valley of the Kings.

In 2015, archaeologists scanned the tomb with radar hoping to find clues.

Both Reeves's theory and the inconclusive results have been dismissed by other Egyptologists.

One of them, former antiquities minister Zahi Hawass, said that an adept of the sun god Aton would never have been allowed to be buried in the Valley of the Kings.

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