Title : Why we became obsessed with slumber this year explained
link : Why we became obsessed with slumber this year explained
Why we became obsessed with slumber this year explained
- 'Sleep diplomat' Dr Matt Walker says that Americans stigmatize sleep to our detriment
- Poor sleep is a risk factor for at least 10 chronic diseases
- The World Health Organization classified night work as a carcinogen
- Recent research has shown that the constant presence of LED screen lights prevents us from sleeping
- Dr Walker is calling for a movement for sleep akin to exercise and healthy eating initiatives in the US
American culture discourages a good night's rest, raising our risk for at least a dozen diseases, says preeminent 'sleep diplomat' Dr Matthew Walker, and he is leading a counter-cultural movement for more, better rest.
If only Americans would slow down, turn off screens and get some sleep, rates of the deadliest diseases could drop drastically, he claims.
About 40 percent of Americans get less than the CDC's recommended seven hours of nightly sleep.
Health fads come and go, and the last year has seen more than its share of sleep studies, but Dr Walker is adamant that rest must go the way of exercise and become not just a trend but a national priority, in order to improve the length and quality of life in America.
'We live in a dark-deprived society': Sleep scientist Dr Matthew Walker says that LED screens are keeping us from getting a good night's sleep, increasing our risks for nearly all diseases
The first step is to stop stigmatizing sleep
Sleep is 'Mother Nature's best method yet of contra-death,' Dr Walker says.
'Why would you ever take for granted [her] best health care plan?'
This is, perhaps, the best way to describe why humans - and all animals - need sleep.
Though we don't know what, exactly, is so restorative about sleep, we do know how the body behaves differently during sleep and wakefulness. We also know what crucial biological processes start to break down without rest.
Nevertheless, 'the epidemiological evidence is clear: the shorter your sleep, the shorter your life,' says Dr Walker, 'and we have to find a way to prioritize that.'
And yet, he says that American attitudes - and particularly those of medical professionals - are against our best 'contra-death.'
'I have never seen a public health campaign about sleep. I've never walked into a hospital where there was an informational poster on the wall...when's the last time your doctor prescribed you a good night's sleep?'
Furthermore, he claims that little is taught about sleep in the medical curriculum.
'If you think about a medical residency program, it's a badge of honor, being one of these people who can survive an onslaught of sleep-deprivation, so why would [the medical profession] promote it?'
Sleep starts getting sidelined when we are children he says, blaming early start times for children's struggle to focus.
'We need to start educating children about sleep, [but] education is at fault with this incessant model of early start times,' Dr Walker said.
In fact, research published in the last year backs up his concern, showing that children who have to start school before 8:30 am are more likely to be depressed.
Recent research has also more broadly linked sleeplessness to depression, and cell phone use to sleeplessness, especially for children and teens.
Dr Walker says that 'we are a dark-deprived society,' staring into screens late at night, and 'then infusing the damaging effects of caffeine and alcohol' into the mix.
He says that sleeplessness is a 'societal' problem that needs to be addressed at every level.
'Those who feel they can't sleep, I have deep sympathy for them.
'Society needs to stop stigmatizing sleep with this label of laziness, I don't think the dangers [of sleep deprivation] are being fundamentally communicated to the public,' he says.
Sleep boosts the immune system and short nights may be carcinogenic
Sleepless people are about four percent more likely to develop cancer than others, according to the CDC - a fairly modest increase, compared to the links between short nights and other diseases.
Yet, the World Health Organization has classified night shift work as a probable carcinogen.
Both melatonin and lymphocytes - aptly nicknamed 'natural killer cells' - help to fight cancer cells in the body, and the protectors are produced while we sleep.
'When we get four to five hours of sleep, we see a 70 percent drop in natural killer cells,' says Dr Walker.
'At night, the sewage system of the brain kicks in,' and shortchanging ourselves on sleep can undercut our immune systems, he explains.
Sleep can protect your heart, your pancreas and your waist line in ways your workout won't
Activity in 'brain regions that control hedonic desires are actually increased by the lack of sleep,' says Dr Walker.
When you're overly -tired 'your brain goes into this hedonic overdrive and selects bad foods that are high in sugar and heavy-hitting, stodgy carbs.'
In a one-two punch, lack of sleep breaks down the same biological systems that would break down those bad, high-glucose foods.
Beta cells in the pancreas store and release insulin, which is crucial to regulating blood-glucose levels. But sleeplessness has been linked to failures of this system and spikes in blood glucose.
This basically 'puts you on the path to diabetes 2,' he says, and can lead to high blood pressure, and in turn, a greater risk of heart disease.
Sleeping and dreaming keep our minds and memories young and happy
Dr Walker also published a study this week, confirming links between old age, poor sleep and failing memory.
He and his team found that the two kinds of brain waves that produce deep sleep get out of sync in older adults. This can happen in younger people too, and for either, it interrupts the memory consolidation process, and clearly impairs their ability to form long term memories.
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep plays an important role in the movement of short term memories - stored in the hippocampus - to the cerebral cortex, where they become long term ones.
Dr Rubin Naiman, a psychologist and dream specialist, says that the dreaming that happens during this time is crucial to our mental health.
'If you don’t finish the dreaming process, it’s like not finishing digestion,' he says. When we cut a dream short, 'we have not finished incorporating what the psyche is trying to make a part of us.'
He says that the value of dreaming has been 'subsumed' by the value of sleep by the medical profession, but Dr Walker says they have both been woefully neglected.
During REM sleep, two parts of the brain generate coordinating sleep waves to produce dreams. These can be measured and recorded by an electrocardiogram (file image)
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